Procedures for Registration of Ad hoc Arbitral Awards under Vietnamese Law

Ad hoc arbitration is a dispute resolution mechanism whereby the disputing parties agree to appoint arbitrator(s) to resolve their dispute instead of initiating proceedings before a court. Unlike institutional arbitration, ad hoc arbitration does not have a permanent seat or its own procedural rules but is established based on the parties’ agreement solely for the purpose of resolving a specific dispute. This form of arbitration is commonly applied to commercial disputes or other disputes that are permitted by law to be resolved by arbitration. 

Due to the fact that ad hoc arbitration is not associated with a permanent arbitral institution, Vietnamese law provides for a mechanism to register ad hoc arbitral awards with the court as a necessary procedural step. This mechanism serves as a legal basis for requesting the civil judgment enforcement authority to organize the enforcement of the arbitral award, while also enabling the court to verify the authenticity of the award and the accompanying documents. 

Under the Law on Commercial Arbitration 2010, the registration or non-registration of an ad hoc arbitral award does not affect the content or legal validity of the arbitral award. However, in practice, this procedure plays a critical role in ensuring the enforceability of the award. 

1. Jurisdiction for Registration of Ad hoc Arbitral Awards 

With respect to jurisdiction, pursuant to Point g, Clause 2, Article 7 of the Law on Commercial Arbitration 2010, an ad hoc arbitral award shall be registered with the court at the place where the arbitral tribunal rendered the award. Nevertheless, pursuant to Point g, Clause 3, Article 7 of the Law on Commercial Arbitration 2010, the determination of the competent court is not limited to the place where the award is rendered, but must also be made in accordance with the provisions on the territorial jurisdiction of the provincial-level People’s Courts over requests for registration of ad hoc arbitral awards.  

Accordingly, pursuant to Article 2 of Resolution No. 81/2025/UBTVQH15 on the establishment of provincial-level People’s Courts and regional People’s Courts, and on the determination of their territorial jurisdiction, only the following three (03) provincial-level People’s Courts have jurisdiction to resolve requests for setting aside arbitral awards and for registration of ad hoc arbitral awards: 

  1. The People’s Court of Hanoi City, which has territorial jurisdiction over requests arising in 18 provinces and cities, including Hanoi City, Hai Phong City, and the provinces of Bac Ninh, Cao Bang, Dien Bien, Ha Tinh, Hung Yen, Lai Chau, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Nghe An, Ninh Binh, Phu Tho, Quang Ninh, Son La, Thai Nguyen, Thanh Hoa, and Tuyen Quang; 
  2. The People’s Court of Da Nang City, which has territorial jurisdiction over requests arising in 07 provinces and cities, including Da Nang City, Hue City, and the provinces of Dak Lak, Gia Lai, Khanh Hoa, Quang Ngai, and Quang Tri; 
  3. The People’s Court of Ho Chi Minh City, which has territorial jurisdiction over requests arising in 09 provinces and cities, including Can Tho City, Ho Chi Minh City, and the provinces of An Giang, Ca Mau, Dong Nai, Dong Thap, Lam Dong, Tay Ninh, and Vinh Long. 

Note: Where there are grounds to determine that the arbitral award is subject to a request for setting aside before a competent court, upon receipt of an application for registration of the arbitral award, the court shall not accept such application for registration until the outcome of the set-aside proceedings is rendered.  

2. Dossier and Procedure for Registration of Ad hoc Arbitral Awards

Pursuant to Clause 2, Article 62 of the Law on Commercial Arbitration 2010, the time limit for requesting the registration of an ad hoc arbitral award is one (01) year from the date on which the award is rendered. Upon the expiration of this time limit, if one or more parties submit an application for registration, the court shall have no jurisdiction to consider or resolve such application. 

To carry out the procedure for registration of an ad hoc arbitral award, the requesting party must submit a written application to the competent court together with the following documents: 

  1. The arbitral award issued by the ad hoc arbitral tribunal;
  2. The minutes of the hearing for dispute resolution of the ad hoc arbitral tribunal (if any); 
  3. The original or a duly certified true copy of the arbitration agreement.

The requesting party shall bear full responsibility for the authenticity of the documents submitted to the court. This obligation is of particular importance, as in the procedure for registration of an ad hoc arbitral award, the court does not re-examine the substance of the dispute but only verifies the authenticity of the arbitral award and the accompanying documents. 

Upon receipt of the application for registration, the court shall conduct the review in accordance with the following procedure: 

  1. Within five (05) working days from the date of receipt of the application, the Chief Judge of the court shall assign a judge to review the request for registration; 
  2. Within ten (10) days from the date of assignment, the judge shall verify the authenticity of the accompanying documents and decide on the registration of the ad hoc arbitral award. 

In reviewing the request for registration, the judge is not required to open a hearing. Where necessary, the judge may summon one or more disputing parties or the arbitral tribunal to clarify matters related to the registration request. If the arbitral award and the accompanying dossier are determined to be authentic, the judge shall proceed with the registration and issue a Decision on Registration of the Ad hoc Arbitral Award.  

Where it is determined that the arbitral award does not exist, the judge shall refuse the registration, return the application and the accompanying documents, and promptly notify the requesting party thereof, clearly stating the reasons for refusal. 

Within three (03) working days from the date of receipt of the notice of refusal, the requesting party has the right to lodge a complaint with the Chief Judge of the court. Within three (03) working days from the date of receipt of the complaint, the Chief Judge shall consider and issue a decision on the complaint. The decision of the Chief Judge on the complaint shall be final.  

3. Remarks and Practical Notes 

Based on the foregoing legal provisions, several key observations may be drawn: 

  1. First, the registration of an ad hoc arbitral award is a judicial–administrative procedure, rather than an adjudicative procedure. Within this framework, the court does not re-examine the merits of the dispute but merely verifies the authenticity of the arbitral award and the accompanying dossier. 
  2. Second, the one (01) year time limit from the date of issuance of the arbitral award is a decisive condition. Failure to submit a registration request within this time limit will result in the loss of the right to request registration and may materially affect the enforceability of the arbitral award in practice.
  3. Third, where the arbitral award is subject to a request for setting aside before the court, the registration of the award will be suspended until a final decision on such request is rendered, thereby potentially causing delays in the enforcement process.

Accordingly, in practice, the disputing parties should proactively control the applicable time limits, prepare a complete and accurate registration dossier, and concurrently assess the risk of a set-aside request in order to select an appropriate timing and strategy for the registration and enforcement of the ad hoc arbitral award. 

Date written: 20/01/2026

Related posts

  1. Cancellation of arbitral awards due to contravention of the fundamental principles of Vietnamese law
  2. Common cases of non-recognition of foreign arbitral awards in Vietnam

Disclaimers:

This article is for general information purposes only and is not intended to provide any legal advice for any particular case. The legal provisions referenced in the content are in effect at the time of publication but may have expired at the time you read the content. We therefore advise that you always consult a professional consultant before applying any content.

For issues related to the content or intellectual property rights of the article, please email cs@apolatlegal.vn.

Apolat Legal is a law firm in Vietnam with experience and capacity to provide consulting services related to Dispute Resolution and contact our team of lawyers in Vietnam via email info@apolatlegal.com.



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