Can interim emergency measures be requested at the time of filing a lawsuit?

In civil disputes, particularly disputes involving payment obligations, it is common for the obligated party to dissipate assets before the Court resolves the case. In such circumstances, even if the claimant ultimately prevails as a matter of law, enforcement of the judgment in practice may still become impossible because the assets no longer exist or can no longer be traced. 

Against this backdrop, a practical question often arises: “Can a party request the court to apply interim emergency measures at the time of filing the statement of claim?” 

1.Right torequest Interim Emergency Measures 

Pursuant to Clause 2, Article 111 of the Civil Procedure Code 2015 (“CPC 2015”), in urgent circumstances where it is necessary to promptly preserve evidence or prevent serious consequences from occurring, agencies, organizations, and individuals have the right to request the Court to apply interim emergency measures concurrently with the filing of a lawsuit. 

This provision is further guided by Article 3 of Resolution No. 02/2020/NQ-HDTP (“Resolution 02/2020”), which allows the requesting party to ask the court to consider the application of interim emergency measures at the time of filing the statement of claim, provided that appropriate grounds exist. 

2.Circumstances forapplication 

Pursuant to Clause 1, Article 3 of Resolution 02/2020, a request for the application of interim emergency measures at the time of filing a lawsuit may be accepted if it falls under one of the following circumstances: 

  1. There is an urgent situation, meaning that the matter requires immediate resolution without delay; 
  2. It is necessary to promptly preserve evidence, in cases where the source of evidence is being destroyed, is at risk of being destroyed, or may become difficult to obtain at a later stage; 
  3. It is necessary to prevent serious consequences that may occur (whether material or non-material). 

In practice, in disputes relating to payment obligations, the most commonly invoked ground is the risk of asset dissipation to evade obligations, thereby creating a risk that enforcement of a judgment may become impossible. 

The specific interim emergency measures that may be applied are provided under Article 114 of the CPC 2015, including: 

  1. Seizure of disputed assets;
  2. Freezing of accounts at banks, other credit institutions, or the State Treasury; freezing of assets held in custody; 
  3. Prohibition of the transfer of rights over disputed assets; 
  4. Prohibition of any change to the status quo of disputed assets; 
  5. Other measures as prescribed by law.

3.Jurisdictionand procedure for handling requests 

Pursuant to Article 111, Articles 35 and 39 of the CPC 2015, and Clause 2, Article 3 of Resolution 02/2020: 

  1. The Court with authority to apply interim emergency measures is the Court having jurisdiction to resolve the case; 
  2. In cases where a statement of claim is filed with a Court lacking jurisdiction, the receiving Court is responsible for promptly transferring the case file and the request to the competent Court. 

Notably, under Clause 3, Article 133 of the CPC 2015 and the guidance provided in Resolution 02/2020: Where a statement of claim requires amendment or supplementation but there are sufficient grounds to determine jurisdiction, the Court may still consider and decide on the application of interim emergency measures in advance. 

This provision reflects the principle of prioritizing the timely protection of the parties’ rights and interests, rather than being entirely dependent on the completion of procedural requirements for filing a lawsuit. 

4.Practicalsignificance 

Requesting the application of interim emergency measures at the time of filing a lawsuit plays an important role in: 

  1. Preventing the dissipation of assets, particularly in disputes involving loans, contracts, or damages; 
  2. Ensuring the enforceability of judgments or decisions, thereby avoiding situations where a party “wins the case but cannot enforce the judgment”;
  3. Creating strategic advantages in the dispute resolution process, including facilitating negotiations and settlement. 

However, in practice, the Court will examine such requests with a high level of scrutiny. Accordingly, the requesting party must clearly demonstrate the urgency and the risk of potential consequences, rather than relying on speculative assertions. 

5.Conclusion

Vietnamese civil procedural law allows parties to request the application of interim emergency measures at the time of filing a lawsuit, provided that the statutory conditions are satisfied. 

In disputes involving asset-related risks, the timely use of this mechanism is not only a procedural right but also an important measure to ensure the effective enforcement of legal rights in practice. 

Related posts

  1. Legal grounds for applying the interim urgent measure of distraining disputed property under the 2015 civil procedure code

Submission date: 20/03/2026

Disclaimers:

This article is for general information purposes only and is not intended to provide any legal advice for any particular case. The legal provisions referenced in the content are in effect at the time of publication but may have expired at the time you read the content. We therefore advise that you always consult a professional consultant before applying any content.

For issues related to the content or intellectual property rights of the article, please email cs@apolatlegal.vn.

Apolat Legal is a law firm in Vietnam with experience and capacity to provide consulting services related to Dispute Resolution and contact our team of lawyers in Vietnam via email info@apolatlegal.com.

 



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